CIRSE Fellowship report: Evangelia Christodoulou
Dr. Evangelia Christodoulou
From October-November 2025, I had the privilege of attending a fellowship at the Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico in Milan, Italy, as part of the CIRSE Fellowship Programme under the supervision of Dr. Anna Maria Ierardi in the Department of Interventional Radiology (IR), directed by Prof. Gianpaolo Carrafiello. During my stay, the focus was peripheral IR, with a strong emphasis on oncologic interventions, and I had the opportunity to observe and participate in a wide range of procedures, as the department receives a high volume of patients.
A typical day in the department starts at 8:00 and extends until 20:00, Monday to Saturday. This intense schedule allowed me to immerse myself completely in the department’s activities and gain a comprehensive understanding of its workflow, procedures, and multidisciplinary dynamics. Moreover, I believe I was fully integrated into the daily life of the department because the whole team was exceptionally welcoming and always open to explaining minor to major issues. From the very beginning, it was evident that the department at Policlinico operates at a highly advanced level, integrating state-of-the-art procedures within modern angiographic suites equipped with the newest technology and advanced imaging systems, hybrid operating rooms, and dedicated anaesthesia support available several days per week. All these factors ensure optimal patient outcomes and smooth procedural workflows, which was one of the most impressive aspects of my fellowship experience.
During my time at Policlinico, I observed a full spectrum of IR procedures, ranging from diagnostic angiographies to complex therapeutic interventions. The daily caseload was diverse, covering both vascular and non-vascular procedures. I particularly appreciated the opportunity to assist in procedures such as complex portal vein interventions, treatments for peripheral arteriovenous and venous malformations, lymphangiographies and lymphatic malformations/leakages treatments, musculoskeletal embolizations, varicocele embolizations, and interventions in pediatric and gynecologic patients, with which I have limited prior experience. These experiences broadened my technical understanding and enriched my procedural armamentarium. Moreover, I joined multidisciplinary team discussions that allowed me to go deeper into the decision-making process in complex cases and to appreciate the importance of selecting the most appropriate imaging and therapeutic approach for each patient. Observing the integrated and fluid structure at Policlinico gave me valuable insight into how multidisciplinary cooperation can elevate both efficiency and patient experience. My expectations for the fellowship were not just met but instead exceeded.
A view of the hospital area
A new hospital will soon become operational, expanding the already advanced facilities of the current hospital.
Working under the supervision of Dr. Anna Maria Ierardi was one of the most inspiring aspects of this fellowship. As an accomplished interventional radiologist and a woman in a leading position, she provided invaluable professional and personal guidance. Her particular approach to procedures, clinical reasoning, and patient communication set an excellent example for young Interventional Radiologists. On a personal level, learning from a woman and receiving “woman-to-woman” advice was deeply meaningful. Seeing a woman leading a high-performing IR unit was highly motivating. Her mentorship extended beyond the technical aspects of IR, encompassing leadership and confidence in a demanding medical field. I aspire to carry her example into my own professional development and future practice.
Another remarkable aspect of my stay was witnessing the strong academic and research activity of the department. The Policlinico IR team produces a high volume of scientific publications, participates actively in international congresses, and contributes to undocumented fields in IR. Research is integrated into daily clinical practice, encouraging all team members to participate in data collection and academic writing. This dynamic academic environment demonstrated how research and clinical excellence can reinforce one another. Inspired by this model, I intend to promote a more structured approach to research.
At Patras University Hospital, we also perform cutting-edge interventional procedures at a high level. While the two centers differ in setup, workflow, and infrastructure, my fellowship provided new insights that I am excited to share with my colleagues and residents, aiming to further enrich our practices and continue delivering the highest standards of patient care.
Photo taken at the end of a demanding paediatric intervention, in which I had the honour to assist. From left to right: Velio Ascenti, consultant; Anna Maria Ierardi, consultant and supervisor; me; and Alessio Angileri, consultant.
Photo at the end of a working day with my supervisor and colleagues, all happy and satisfied. From left to right: Anna Maria Ierardi, consultant and supervisor; Benedetta Mariniello, resident; me; Pierpaolo Biondetti, consultant; Carola Greppi, resident; Edon Xhepa, resident; Simone Mortellaro, resident.
Beyond the professional environment, the fellowship offered me the opportunity to form new friendships with colleagues who kindly included me in their activities both inside and outside the hospital. I was truly impressed by the team spirit and collegial atmosphere in the department. Each member, from residents and consultants to nurses and technicians, was enthusiastic about teaching, sharing experiences, and helping me integrate into the team. Outside of working hours, we often shared moments over coffee or “aperitivo”, and my colleagues made me feel part of their community. These interactions not only enriched my cultural experience but also created personal connections that I will cherish for years to come.
Outside the hospital, Milan revealed itself as a truly captivating city. Its blend of historical charm and modern sophistication makes it unique. The city’s vibrant atmosphere and world-renowned fashion and design scene create a dynamic environment. I particularly enjoyed exploring Milan’s markets, cafes, and cultural landmarks such as the Duomo, galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, and many others. Living in such a lively city is an unforgettable experience that complemented the academic side of my stay perfectly.
The CIRSE Fellowship at Policlinico was an invaluable professional and personal experience. It expanded my knowledge in IR and strengthened my confidence as a developing interventional radiologist. Learning under the guidance of Prof. Carrafiello and Dr. Ierardi was an honor, and I am deeply grateful to the entire team and the CIRSE for supporting this opportunity. The lessons, friendships, and inspiration I gained during this month will undoubtedly shape my future practice. Finally, this fellowship has laid the foundation for a future collaboration. In the coming time, I hope to expand our partnership through more visits and projects with the aim of continuous learning and innovation in IR.
Thank you all – both CIRSE and my colleagues at Policlinico!
A photo from inside the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, taken while I was strolling around the city centre.
